Unit 3 – ARDUINO PROGRAMMING Interoperability in Internet of Things (IoT) 1. Introduction Interoperability in IoT refers to the ability of different devices, systems, platforms, and applications to communicate, exchange data, and use that information effectively , regardless of differences in manufacturers, technologies, or protocols. In IoT environments, devices are highly heterogeneous (different hardware, software, communication standards). Interoperability ensures that these diverse components work together seamlessly. 👉 Example: A smart home system where a thermostat (Zigbee), a camera (Wi-Fi), and a mobile app (cloud-based) communicate and operate together. 2. Need for Interoperability in IoT Interoperability is essential due to the following reasons: 1. Device Diversity IoT consists of devices from multiple vendors with different specifications. 2. Scalability Large-scale IoT systems (smart cities) require seamless integration...